第41至44題為題組
Angelfish， often found in the warm seas and coral reefs， are among the most brightly colored fish of the ocean. Brilliant colors and stripes form amazing patterns on their body. These patterns actually help the fish to hide from danger among roots and plants. At night， when these fish become inactive， their colors may become pale. Often， the young ones are differently colored than the adults. Some scientists believe that the color difference between the young and the old indicates their different social positions.
Another interesting fact about angelfish is that they have an occupation in the fish world. Most of them act as cleaners for other fish and pick dead tissue from their bodies. This is not their food， though. Their diet consists mainly of sponge and algae.
One particular kind of angelfish， the blackspot angelfish， has a special capability that allows it to change gender from female to male. However， the change is not made at random; it happens for a specific reason. Angelfish live in groups， and each group has one male fish， which is blue in color， and four female fish， which are yellow. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females. When the male dies， the group needs a new “security guard.”” This is when the largest female in the group begins to change in appearance. She begins to grow larger in size， and after a week， she starts changing color， from yellow to blue. Slowly， her behavior toward the other fish also changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later， black stripes appear on her body， indicating the gender change is complete. She is now completely male!
41. What is the job of an angelfish in the sea?
(A) Being a cleaner for other fish.
(B) Being a bodyguard for other fish.
(C) Being a gardener for roots and plants.
(D) Being a caretaker for sponge and algae.”
108學測英文
108學測英文試卷42
第41至44題為題組
42. Which of the following statements is true about the color of angelfish?
(A) Female angelfish are blue in color.
(B) The colors of the fish become less bright at night.
(C) Male angelfish do not have black stripes on them.
(D) The adult fish and the young ones have the same colors.
108學測英文試卷43
第41至44題為題組
43. According to the passage， what triggers the gender change in the blackspot angelfish?
(A) Dangers to the group.
(B) Changes in the fish’s diet.
(C) The birth of young angelfish.
(D) The death of the male fish in a group.
108學測英文試卷44
第41至44題為題組
44. Which of the following describes the order of changes in the features of a blackspot angelfish during gender change?
(A) Size → behavior → color → stripes.
(B) Color → size → behavior → stripes.
(C) Size → color → behavior → stripes.
(D) Color → behavior → size → stripes.
108學測英文試卷45
第45至48題為題組
Totem poles in North America are poles or posts carved with symbols or figures by Aboriginal peoples of the Northwest Coast. Carved from large， straight trees and painted vibrant colors， the totem poles are not just unique works of art. The coastal peoples have long passed on knowledge from generation to generation through oral traditions， and totem poles were the traditional way of telling the story of an individual family or clan.
The totem pole can be grouped into specific categories， depending on its location and the occasion for which it was carved. Welcome poles were traditionally placed on village beachfronts to greet visitors arriving by canoe. Inside the homes of high-ranking chiefs is where house poles were found. The family’s history was carefully carved into each pole. Placed along the rear or front walls of a house， house poles also helped to support the main beam of the roof.
Memorial poles stood in front of a house. They were erected in memory of a deceased chief or a high-ranking clan member. The poles depicted the person’s accomplishments or family history. Mortuary poles were also raised to honor the dead， but they differed from memorial poles， having a burial box placed at the top of the pole. Inside the burial box were the remains of the deceased.
While many of these poles can still be found in various locations on the west coast of North America， there is one pole that can now only be found in a museum—the shame pole. Traditionally， shame poles were carved for a chief to embarrass and ridicule another who had done something wrong. Once the wrong was made right， the pole was taken down.
Totem poles are important expressions of specific Aboriginal cultures. Despite the threats posed by cultural and political **encroachment** of colonial forces， the art of totem pole carving has survived. Aboriginal carvers continue to carve totems as symbols of their cultural pride and clan kinship.
45. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
(A) Totem Poles， the Legends of Aboriginal Peoples
(B) Totem Poles: Their Functions
(C) Totem Poles， Symbols of Historical Resistance
(D) Totem Poles: Their Designs
108學測英文試卷46
108學測英文試卷49
第49至52題為題組
Music has a tendency to get stuck in our heads. Sometimes a tune intrudes on our thoughts and then plays， and replays， in a never-ending loop. This interesting phenomenon becomes a **subject** explored by many scientists. They use a range of terms to describe it—stuck-song syndrome， sticky music， cognitive itch， or most commonly “earworm.”” Earworms can run around our heads for several minutes to numerous hours. As the melody repeats， it becomes embedded into our mind. Even though our ears do not hear the tune， our brain continues to play it.
Earworms often take the form of song fragments rather than entire songs， and the song is usually a familiar one. Researchers are not sure why some songs are more likely to get stuck in our heads than others， but everyone has their own tunes. Often those songs have a simple， upbeat melody and catchy， repetitive lyrics， such as popular commercial jingles and slightly annoying radio hits. Recent or repeated exposure to a song or even a small part of a song can also trigger earworms， as can word associations， such as a phrase similar to the lyrics of a song.
While earworms might be annoying， most people who experience them nevertheless report that they are pleasant or at least neutral. Only a third of people are disturbed by the song in their heads. How people cope with their earworms seems to depend on how they feel about them. Those who have positive feelings about their stuck songs prefer to just “”let them be，”” while those with negative feelings turn to more behavioral responses， which include coping strategies such as singing， talking， or even praying.
49. According to the passage， which of the following is true about an earworm?
(A) It is a creature living inside our ears.
(B) It is a tune memorized in a personal way.
(C) It is a melody repeating in our heads.
(D) It is a commercial recalled through lyrics.”
