106指考英文

[題組:第40題到第43題]
41. What does “prototype” refer to in the second paragraph?
(A) A community center.
(B) A book exchange box.
(C) A dollhouse on a post.
(D) A nonprofit organization.

[題組:第40題到第43題]
42. Which of the following is true about the operation of a Little Free Library?
(A) The library can come in any shape and color.
(B) There is no limit to the selection of its materials.
(C) The owner must first be assigned a number from the LFL website.
(D) The librarian is in charge of checking the books in and out of the library.

[題組:第40題到第43題]
43. What is a contribution of Little Free Library?
(A) The LFL Index can improve GPS functions.
(B) It promotes reading and literacy in a simple way.
(C) It helps to strengthen library associations around the world.
(D) Its location satisfies people’s curiosity about their neighbors.

[題組:第44題到第47題]
The term “forensic linguistics,” in its broadest sense, covers all areas of study where language and law intersect. A famous example of its application is the case of Chris Coleman, who was suspected of killing his family in 2009. Robert Leonard, the head of the forensic linguistics program at Hofstra University, presented some important linguistic evidence in the trial against Coleman. Relying heavily on word choice and spelling, Leonard suggested that the same person had written the threatening e-mails and sprayed the graffiti, and that those samples bore similarities to Coleman’s writing style. Coleman was later found guilty of the murder. Robert Leonard was not the first one who resorted to linguistic evidence in criminal investigation. The field of forensic linguistics was brought to prominence by his colleague James Fitzgerald in 1996 with his work in the case of the Unabomber, who had sent a series of letter bombs to college professors over several years, causing serious casualties. Working for the FBI, Fitzgerald urged the publication of the Unabomber’s letter-a lengthy declaration of the criminal’s philosophy. After the letter was published, many people called the FBI to say they recognized the writing style. By analyzing sentence structure, word choice, and other linguistic patterns, Fitzgerald narrowed down the range of possible authors and finally linked the letter to the writings of Ted Kaczynski, a solitary former mathematician. For instance, Kaczynski tended to use extensive parallel phrases, which were frequently found in the bomber’s letter. Both Kaczynski and the bomber also showed a preference for dozens of unusual words, such as “chimerical” and “anomic.” The bomber’s use of the terms “broad” for women and “negro” for African Americans also enabled Fitzgerald to roughly calculate the suspect’s age. The linguistic evidence was strong enough for the judge to search Kaczynski’s isolated cabin in Montana; what was found there put him in prison for life. On some level, finding hidden meanings from linguistic evidence is what we all do intuitively in our daily language interaction. This is exactly the same work forensic professionals do. As one forensic linguistics firm, Testipro, puts it in its online promotional ad, the field can be regarded as “the basis of the entire legal system.”
44. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Robert Leonard has provided linguistic evidence in court cases.
(B) The FBI relies mainly on language experts to solve its crime cases.
(C) Studying texts can provide critical evidence in criminal investigations.
(D) Finding hidden meanings in language use is important for daily interactions.

[題組:第44題到第47題]
45. Which of the following is true about the Unabomber?
(A) He didn’t like to be called negro.
(B) He was good at analyzing the use of language.
(C) He declared his philosophy in a written statement.
(D) He was a professor of mathematics living on Hofstra campus.

[題組:第44題到第47題]
46. What type of language feature is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) Sound pattern.
(B) Spelling of words.
(C) Selection of words.
(D) Grammatical pattern.

[題組:第44題到第47題]
47. What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Meaning can be distorted in the process of writing.
(B) Some features in language use are shared by everyone.
(C) Crimes are usually committed by people who are highly educated.
(D) People tend to stick to certain habitual patterns in their use of language.

[題組:第48題到第51題]
During the past three hundred years, when a country gains its freedom or independence, one of the first things established is a national anthem. National anthems are generally played and sung at formal state occasions and other events which celebrate or support the country’s national identity. Holland’s 16th-century hymn “Het Wilhelmus” is widely considered the world’s oldest national anthem, followed by the U.K.’s “God Save the King/Queen”-also a hymn, popularized in the 1740s. As nationalism spread throughout Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, so did anthems. Many countries, such as the independent states that are today part of Germany, took “God Save the King/Queen” as a model and adopted hymns (songs of prayer typically addressed to a deity or VIP). Others, notably Spain and France, chose marches (songs with a strong, regular rhythm often performed by military bands)-which expressed a martial rather than monarchic spirit. With imperialism, Europeans spread their musical taste. Even when former colonies gained independence, they often imitated the traditions of their former rulers. The result is that most anthems are either hymns or marches, played on European instruments. Japan’s anthem makes for a good case study of European influence. In the 1860s a British bandmaster living in Japan, John William Fenton, noted that the country did not have a national anthem. A local military officer, Ōyama Iwao, selected the lyrics from a Heian era poem and Fenton wrote the melody. About a decade later, a Japanese committee chose a replacement melody by a court musician-one that had been composed for traditional Japanese instruments, but in a mixed style influenced by Fenton’s arrangement. The version in use today was also altered by German Franz Eckert to fit a Western scale. In addition to hymns and marches, British composer Michael Bristow identifies a couple of more minor categories. National anthems in South and Central America are often operatic, with long, elaborate orchestral introductions. These were influenced by 19th-century Italian opera. Burma and Sri Lanka are both in a folk group, as they rely more on indigenous instruments.
48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a basis to compose national anthems?
(A) Prayer songs.
(B) Marching songs.
(C) Italian opera music.
(D) Movie theme music.

[題組:第48題到第51題]
49. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
(A) The function of national anthems.
(B) The world’s oldest national anthem.
(C) The origin and spread of national anthems.
(D) Reasons why many countries have national anthems.

[題組:第48題到第51題]
50. Which of the following is true regarding Japan’s national anthem?
(A) It was not written until the 20th century.
(B) The lyrics was written by a Japanese officer.
(C) The melody was first composed by a British musician.
(D) The current version is barely influenced by western music.