[題組:第40-43題]41. According to the passage, what is the goal of Dr. Spiegel’s work?
(A) To explain the real cause of pain.
(B) To help people concentrate on their job.
(C) To explore how hypnosis can be used as a medical treatment.
(D) To strengthen the brain’s functions to reduce psychological problems.
[題組:第40-43題]42. According to Dr. Spiegel, which of the following is true when people are hypnotized?
(A) They recall only happy memories.
(B) Their mind is fixed only on what they are doing.
(C) They do whatever they are told to do.
(D) They have greater awareness of things around them.
[題組:第40-43題]43. What can be inferred about highly hypnotizable people?
(A) They tend to be isolated from the society.
(B) They are more likely to fall asleep during the day.
(C) They may easily identify themselves with characters in fictions.
(D) They are more trustworthy than people who are less hypnotizable.
[題組:第44-47題]In many languages, such as English, there is no straightforward way to talk about smell. For want of dedicated odor terminology, English speakers are often forced to use odor-sources such as “flowery” and “vanilla” and metaphors like “sweet” and “oriental” in their descriptions of smell.
But the difficulty with talking about smell is not universal. The Maniq, a group of hunter-gatherers in southern Thailand, can describe smells using at least fifteen different terms, which express only smells and are not applicable across other sensory domains. In addition to Maniq, researchers found that there are also a dozen words for various smells in Jahai, a language spoken by a neighboring hunter-gatherer population.
Interestingly, the difficulty for English speakers to translate smell directly into words seems to have very little to do with the nose’s actual capabilities. According to findings of a recent study, English speakers are capable of discriminating more than a trillion different odors. Then, why is there a gap between their ability to discriminate scent and their vocabulary? The researchers suggest that surroundings may play a significant role.
Maniq and Jahai speakers live in tropical rainforest regions with a hunting-gathering lifestyle, and these two ethnic groups evaluate their surroundings through their noses to survive in nature. In an environment that is still largely untouched by humans, they are surrounded by smells at all times. They need to use their sense of smell to identify animals that they can hunt, and to recognize objects or events, such as spoiled food, that can pose a danger. Unlike the Maniq and the Jahai, many English speakers inhabit the post-industrial west and do not rely on smells to survive in their environment. This difference may explain the interesting linguistic phenomenon discussed above.
44. What is the purpose of this passage?
(A) To evaluate the languages used by different ethnic groups.
(B) To prove how civilization slows down language development.
(C) To describe how terms of smell are found in different languages.
(D) To point out the link between language use and the environment.
[題組:第44-47題]45. What does the word “want” in the first paragraph most likely mean?
(A) Lack.
(B) Growth.
(C) Loss.
(D) Search.
[題組:第44-47題]46. Which of the following is true about the Maniq?
(A) They live in a different climate zone from the Jahai.
(B) Their ability to smell is stronger than that of the Jahai.
(C) They use smell terms to describe how food looks and tastes.
(D) Their living environment is similar to that in earlier human history.
[題組:第44-47題]47. Why is it difficult for English speakers to describe smells directly?
(A) They cannot distinguish the smells around them.
(B) The sense of smell is not critical for their survival.
(C) They consider it uncivilized to talk about smells directly.
(D) There are not many sources of odor in their surroundings.
[題組:第48-51題]The okapi is a mammal living above the equator in one of the most biodiverse areas in central Africa. The animal was unknown to the western world until the beginning of the \(20^{th}\) century, and is often described as half-zebra, half-giraffe, as if it were a mixed-breed creature from a Greek legend. Yet its image is prevalent in the Democratic Republic of Congo-the only country in the world where it is found living in the wild. The okapi is to Congo what the giant panda is to China or the kangaroo to Australia.
Although the okapi has striped markings resembling those of zebras’, it is most closely related to the giraffe. It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. The face and throat are greyish white. The coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs and white ankles. Overall, the okapi can be easily distinguished from its nearest relative. It is much smaller (about the size of a horse), and shares more external similarities with the deer than with the giraffe. While both sexes possess horns in the giraffe, only males bear horns in the okapi.
The West got its first whiff of the okapi in 1890 when Welsh journalist Henry Morton Stanley had puzzled over a strange “African donkey” in his book. Other Europeans in Africa had also heard of an animal that they came to call the “African unicorn.” Explorers may have seen the fleeting view of the striped backside as the animal fled through the bushes, leading to speculation that the okapi was some sort of rainforest zebra. Some even believed that the okapi was a new species of zebra. It was only later, when okapi skeleton was analyzed, that naturalists realized they had a giraffe on their hands.
In 1987, the Okapi Wildlife Reserve was established in eastern Congo to protect this rare mammal. But decades of political turbulence has seen much of the Congo’s natural resources spin out of the government’s control, and okapi numbers have fallen by 50 percent since 1995. Today, only 10,000 remain.
48. Which of the following is a picture of an okapi?
[題組:第48-51題]49. Which of the following descriptions is true about the okapi?
(A) It is an important symbol of Congo.
(B) It is a mystical creature from a Greek legend.
(C) It has been well protected since 1987.
(D) It is more closely related to the zebra than the giraffe.
[題組:第48-51題]50. What does the word “whiff” most likely mean in the third paragraph?
(A) Firm belief.
(B) Kind intention.
(C) Slight trace.
(D) Strong dislike.
