圖表題

第35至38題為題組
Standing proud in the savannah with their red blankets and painted shields， the Maasai people are one of the widely known symbols of East Africa. Their unique style， as remarked by Karen Blixen， author of Out of Africa， “has grown from the inside， and is an expression of the race and its history.”

The Maasai are a semi-nomadic group in Kenya and northern Tanzania， wandering in bands and living almost entirely on the meat， blood， and milk of their herds. Over the years， the fearless tribesmen have stood strong against slavery， and resisted the urging of the Kenyan and Tanzanian governments to adopt a more modern lifestyle. In fact， they are one of the few tribes that have retained most of their traditions. Up until recently， the only way for a Maasai boy to achieve warrior status was to single-handedly kill a lion with his spear.

Maasai clothing varies with age， gender， and place. The most recognizable piece of clothing is the shikà， a sheet of fabric worn wrapped around the body. Red is a popular color， and women generally opt for checked， striped， or patterned pieces of cloth. Young men wear black for several months after their circumcision， a ritual signifying their coming of age. A Maasai warrior is rarely seen without his spear and shield. In Blixen’s words， “their weapons and finery are as much a part of their being as are a stag’s antlers” (a male deer’s horns).

Beadwork is an important part of Maasai culture. Beaded jewelry is made by women， and is famous for its complexity. Natural materials such as clay， shells， and ivory were used before trading with the Europeans in the 19th century. They were then replaced by colorful glass beads， allowing for more detailed beadwork and color patterns. Multicolored beadwork is popular among both men and women. Each color holds a special meaning: White stands for peace， green for land and production， while red—the most favored color among the Maasai—is the symbol of unity and bravery.
Which of the following pictures best represents the image of a typical Maasai warrior?

第43至46題為題組
According to the passage， where is Zanzibar most likely located on the following map?

(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

第35至38題為題組
One fine morning in 1941， Swiss engineer George de Mestral went for a walk in the woods with his dog. Upon their return home， he found a lot of burrs (from plants) stuck to the dog’s fur and his pants. He immediately rushed to his microscope and examined the burrs attached on his pants—feeling a lightbulb moment coming on.

Upon closer examination， de Mestral observed that the burrs， which appeared straight to the naked eye， actually contained many small hooks that clung firmly to the loops in the fabric of his pants. He determined that if he could recreate the same thing， making hooks-and-loops that bind to each other firmly， he could produce a strong fastener with many uses.

De Mestral’s first challenge was finding a fabric for a strong bonding system. He first tried cotton， but it proved too soft and could not withstand repeated openings and closures. After years of research and testing， he learned that synthetics worked best and eventually settled on heat-treated nylon， a strong and durable substance. By 1955， he had completed an improved version of the product， with each square inch of material containing 300 hooks， which made it stay fastened and yet easy enough to pull apart when needed. Named “Velcro，” from the French words velours (velvet) and crochet (hook)， the new product received a patent from the Swiss government in 1955. De Mestral thus began mass-producing Velcro， opening plants in Europe and eventually into Canada and the United States.

Initially Velcro did not fare well. As most fashion critics considered it ugly and cheap-looking， the use of Velcro was limited to athletic equipment. In the early 1960s， the product received a huge boost in popularity when NASA began using it in a lot of equipment that went into space along with astronauts. Today， de Mestral’s design is found almost everywhere: clothing and footwear， toys， airline seat cushions， blood pressure cuffs and surgeons’ gowns. Most impressively， the magical fastener was used in the first human artificial heart transplantation to hold together parts of the device.
Which of the following pictures shows de Mestral’s invention?

第35至38題為題組
Which of the following pictures shows Knight’s proposed traffic signal?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)