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第47至50題為題組
From (A) to (F) below， choose the ONES that are true for both jackdaws and turtle ants. （多選題，4分）
(A) They have special strategies to locate food sources.
(B) They have complex interactions led by a leader.
(C) They share information with their group members.
(D) They establish rules to stay away from enemies.
(E) They change their nesting sites from time to time.
(F) They show behavior governed by a unique system of communication.

第47至50題為題組
What is the “disturbance” for jackdaws mentioned in the passage? （簡答，2分）

第31至34題為題組
A capsule hotel， also known as a pod hotel， is a unique type of basic， affordable accommodation. Originated in Japan， these hotels were initially meant for business professionals to stay close to populated business districts without spending a lot. ___31___
(A) In response to rising demands， these hotels are embracing a wave of innovation.
(B) The room’s thin plastic walls easily transmit the sound of snoring made by neighboring guests.
(C) The chambers are stacked side-by-side， two units high， with the upper rooms reached by a ladder.
(D) Today， they provide low-budget， overnight lodging in commerce centers in large cities worldwide.

第31至34題為題組
A typical room of a capsule hotel is roughly the length and width of a single bed， with sufficient height for a guest to crawl in and sit up on the bed. The walls of each capsule may be made of wood， metal or any rigid material， but are often fiberglass or plastic. ___32___
(A) In response to rising demands， these hotels are embracing a wave of innovation.
(B) The room’s thin plastic walls easily transmit the sound of snoring made by neighboring guests.
(C) The chambers are stacked side-by-side， two units high， with the upper rooms reached by a ladder.
(D) Today， they provide low-budget， overnight lodging in commerce centers in large cities worldwide.

第31至34題為題組
The first capsule hotel， the Capsule Inn Osaka， opened in 1979. Since then， capsule hotels have quickly spread to other cities and countries. Chains have emerged in Taiwan， Singapore， and even on resort islands like Bali. Pod hotels are also seen in Europe and North America， especially in big cities like New York， London， and Paris. ___33___
(A) In response to rising demands， these hotels are embracing a wave of innovation.
(B) The room’s thin plastic walls easily transmit the sound of snoring made by neighboring guests.
(C) The chambers are stacked side-by-side， two units high， with the upper rooms reached by a ladder.
(D) Today， they provide low-budget， overnight lodging in commerce centers in large cities worldwide.

第31至34題為題組
While offering budget-conscious travelers a unique option， capsule hotels may not be suitable for everyone. Some hotels may not provide air conditioning in the capsules， leading to poor air flow. ___34___
(A) In response to rising demands， these hotels are embracing a wave of innovation.
(B) The room’s thin plastic walls easily transmit the sound of snoring made by neighboring guests.
(C) The chambers are stacked side-by-side， two units high， with the upper rooms reached by a ladder.
(D) Today， they provide low-budget， overnight lodging in commerce centers in large cities worldwide.

第35至38題為題組
While waiting to cross the street at busy intersections， have you ever wondered who invented the traffic light? Most people credit the first traffic light to Nottingham engineer John Peake Knight. A railway manager， Knight specialized in designing the signaling system for Britain’s growing railway network in the 1860s. He saw no reason why this could not be adapted for use on the busy London intersections. Thus， he proposed a signaling system based on the railway movable-arm signal: Arms extending horizontally commanded drivers to stop， whereas arms lowered to a 45-degree angle told drivers to move on， resembling a traffic director’s gestures. Red and green gas lamps were added to the signal for use at night. A police officer was stationed by the side to operate the system.

Knight’s traffic signal was installed near London’s Westminster Bridge in December 1868， but the system was short-lived. A gas leak one month later caused an explosion in the lights， injuring the policeman operating it. Deemed a public hazard， the project was immediately dropped， and traffic lights were banned until their return in 1929 back to the British streets.

In the early 1900s， versions of the British traffic lights appeared in big cities in America， where traffic was on a sharp rise. Systems using movable arms were popular in Chicago， while those using the red and green lights were adopted in San Francisco. Patents with innovations on Knight’s ideas were filed nationwide. A major breakthrough was the yellow light invented by a Detroit police officer William Potts. Installed in Detroit in 1920， Potts’ three-color system allowed for the added signal “proceed with caution” to be displayed.

Now， with the emergence of self-driving cars， researchers have begun to suggest that traffic signals are no longer necessary. Intersections will operate in a way that cars automatically adjust their speed to cross through， while maintaining safe distances from other vehicles. In the near future， we may experience a brand new form of traffic management!
What is this passage mainly about?
(A) The evolution of traffic control systems.
(B) The inventors of traffic lights in history.
(C) The functions of different traffic signals.
(D) The development of modern transportation.

第35至38題為題組
Which of the following statements is true， according to the passage?
(A) Knight was injured in the explosion of his traffic light.
(B) Potts’ traffic light was the first one to appear in the USA.
(C) The first traffic signal originated from the idea of a traffic director.
(D) Future vehicles may not need traffic lights to cross an intersection.

第35至38題為題組
Here is a sentence: “This design was adopted in later traffic light designs across the world.””
Which paragraph is most suitable to have it as the final sentence?
(A) Paragraph 1.
(B) Paragraph 2.
(C) Paragraph 3.
(D) Paragraph 4.”