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[題組:第48-51題]51. Which ball will give golfers a better shot to get a ball out of a deep sand trap?
(A) A ball with deep dimples.
(B) A ball made from Gutta trees.
(C) A ball with a leather sack.
(D) A ball with a smooth outer cover.

[題組:第31-35題]Gladiators were combatants who fought against criminals, wild animals, and each other during the time of the Roman Empire. They were armed with deadly weapons and in most cases fought till either one of them accepted defeat or was killed. 31 Roman people enjoyed the sight of blood and violent death. They crowded into the arenas to watch gladiator games, just like we watch football, baseball, and tennis matches today.
32 Some were slaves bought from different lands under Roman control, and some were prisoners of war. Most of the others were volunteers, a group which once accounted for half of all gladiators. The majority of the gladiators were Thracians, Gauls, and Africans. These combatants were generally skilled fighters and were paid for their services. 33 All of the fighters, both male and female, were well looked after by their owners and rewarded after winning fights.
Roman historians sometimes called gladiators hordearii, a Latin term which means “barley eaters” in English. 34 Chemical analyses of the bones found in a gladiator graveyard indicated that the typical food eaten by gladiators was wheat, barley, and beans. 35 In addition to a plant-heavy diet, gladiators drank plant ashes to fortify the body after physical exertion and to promote better bone healing. The diet that gladiators followed may be unconventional by modern athletic standards, but in the days of the Romans, this was the diet of heroes.
(A) Gladiators were recruited from different sources.
(B) The origins of gladiators were obscure and mysterious.
(C) Recent research findings suggest that this name was likely literal.
(D) There is evidence to suggest that females also participated in gladiator contests.
(E) Gladiators fought for the entertainment of Rome’s rich and mighty, as well as for the public.
(F) Also, there was little sign of meat or dairy products in the diet of almost all of these professional fighters.

[題組:第31-35題]32.

Gladiators were combatants who fought against criminals, wild animals, and each other during the time of the Roman Empire. They were armed with deadly weapons and in most cases fought till either one of them accepted defeat or was killed. 31 Roman people enjoyed the sight of blood and violent death. They crowded into the arenas to watch gladiator games, just like we watch football, baseball, and tennis matches today.
32 Some were slaves bought from different lands under Roman control, and some were prisoners of war. Most of the others were volunteers, a group which once accounted for half of all gladiators. The majority of the gladiators were Thracians, Gauls, and Africans. These combatants were generally skilled fighters and were paid for their services. 33 All of the fighters, both male and female, were well looked after by their owners and rewarded after winning fights.
Roman historians sometimes called gladiators hordearii, a Latin term which means “barley eaters” in English. 34 Chemical analyses of the bones found in a gladiator graveyard indicated that the typical food eaten by gladiators was wheat, barley, and beans. 35 In addition to a plant-heavy diet, gladiators drank plant ashes to fortify the body after physical exertion and to promote better bone healing. The diet that gladiators followed may be unconventional by modern athletic standards, but in the days of the Romans, this was the diet of heroes.
(A) Gladiators were recruited from different sources.
(B) The origins of gladiators were obscure and mysterious.
(C) Recent research findings suggest that this name was likely literal.
(D) There is evidence to suggest that females also participated in gladiator contests.
(E) Gladiators fought for the entertainment of Rome’s rich and mighty, as well as for the public.
(F) Also, there was little sign of meat or dairy products in the diet of almost all of these professional fighters.

[題組:第31-35題]33.

Gladiators were combatants who fought against criminals, wild animals, and each other during the time of the Roman Empire. They were armed with deadly weapons and in most cases fought till either one of them accepted defeat or was killed. 31 Roman people enjoyed the sight of blood and violent death. They crowded into the arenas to watch gladiator games, just like we watch football, baseball, and tennis matches today.
32 Some were slaves bought from different lands under Roman control, and some were prisoners of war. Most of the others were volunteers, a group which once accounted for half of all gladiators. The majority of the gladiators were Thracians, Gauls, and Africans. These combatants were generally skilled fighters and were paid for their services. 33 All of the fighters, both male and female, were well looked after by their owners and rewarded after winning fights.
Roman historians sometimes called gladiators hordearii, a Latin term which means “barley eaters” in English. 34 Chemical analyses of the bones found in a gladiator graveyard indicated that the typical food eaten by gladiators was wheat, barley, and beans. 35 In addition to a plant-heavy diet, gladiators drank plant ashes to fortify the body after physical exertion and to promote better bone healing. The diet that gladiators followed may be unconventional by modern athletic standards, but in the days of the Romans, this was the diet of heroes.
(A) Gladiators were recruited from different sources.
(B) The origins of gladiators were obscure and mysterious.
(C) Recent research findings suggest that this name was likely literal.
(D) There is evidence to suggest that females also participated in gladiator contests.
(E) Gladiators fought for the entertainment of Rome’s rich and mighty, as well as for the public.
(F) Also, there was little sign of meat or dairy products in the diet of almost all of these professional fighters.

[題組:第31-35題]34.

Gladiators were combatants who fought against criminals, wild animals, and each other during the time of the Roman Empire. They were armed with deadly weapons and in most cases fought till either one of them accepted defeat or was killed. 31 Roman people enjoyed the sight of blood and violent death. They crowded into the arenas to watch gladiator games, just like we watch football, baseball, and tennis matches today.
32 Some were slaves bought from different lands under Roman control, and some were prisoners of war. Most of the others were volunteers, a group which once accounted for half of all gladiators. The majority of the gladiators were Thracians, Gauls, and Africans. These combatants were generally skilled fighters and were paid for their services. 33 All of the fighters, both male and female, were well looked after by their owners and rewarded after winning fights.
Roman historians sometimes called gladiators hordearii, a Latin term which means “barley eaters” in English. 34 Chemical analyses of the bones found in a gladiator graveyard indicated that the typical food eaten by gladiators was wheat, barley, and beans. 35 In addition to a plant-heavy diet, gladiators drank plant ashes to fortify the body after physical exertion and to promote better bone healing. The diet that gladiators followed may be unconventional by modern athletic standards, but in the days of the Romans, this was the diet of heroes.
(A) Gladiators were recruited from different sources.
(B) The origins of gladiators were obscure and mysterious.
(C) Recent research findings suggest that this name was likely literal.
(D) There is evidence to suggest that females also participated in gladiator contests.
(E) Gladiators fought for the entertainment of Rome’s rich and mighty, as well as for the public.
(F) Also, there was little sign of meat or dairy products in the diet of almost all of these professional fighters.

[題組:第31-35題]35.

Gladiators were combatants who fought against criminals, wild animals, and each other during the time of the Roman Empire. They were armed with deadly weapons and in most cases fought till either one of them accepted defeat or was killed. 31 Roman people enjoyed the sight of blood and violent death. They crowded into the arenas to watch gladiator games, just like we watch football, baseball, and tennis matches today.
32 Some were slaves bought from different lands under Roman control, and some were prisoners of war. Most of the others were volunteers, a group which once accounted for half of all gladiators. The majority of the gladiators were Thracians, Gauls, and Africans. These combatants were generally skilled fighters and were paid for their services. 33 All of the fighters, both male and female, were well looked after by their owners and rewarded after winning fights.
Roman historians sometimes called gladiators hordearii, a Latin term which means “barley eaters” in English. 34 Chemical analyses of the bones found in a gladiator graveyard indicated that the typical food eaten by gladiators was wheat, barley, and beans. 35 In addition to a plant-heavy diet, gladiators drank plant ashes to fortify the body after physical exertion and to promote better bone healing. The diet that gladiators followed may be unconventional by modern athletic standards, but in the days of the Romans, this was the diet of heroes.
(A) Gladiators were recruited from different sources.
(B) The origins of gladiators were obscure and mysterious.
(C) Recent research findings suggest that this name was likely literal.
(D) There is evidence to suggest that females also participated in gladiator contests.
(E) Gladiators fought for the entertainment of Rome’s rich and mighty, as well as for the public.
(F) Also, there was little sign of meat or dairy products in the diet of almost all of these professional fighters.

[題組:第36-39題]Early civilizations often built drainage systems in urban areas to handle rainwater that ran down the street during a storm. The Romans constructed elaborate systems that also drained wastewater from the public baths. However, as the population of the cities grew, the old drainage systems became overloaded. During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing waste was added to sewage, which increased the need for more efficient sewage treatment. In the mid- \(19^{th }\) century, the first steps were taken to treat wastewater.
Sewage or wastewater treatment in modern times is the process of removing harmful physical, chemical, and biological elements from wastewater and house sewage. The whole process starts with screening out large objects such as paper and wood, and removing heavy materials like dirt. The screened wastewater is then ready to go through a series of concrete tanks for further treatment. In the second step, the sewage passes into the primary tanks. Here, human waste, called sludge, settles to the bottom while oils and grease float to the top, where they are collected. At the same time, organic matter like eggshells or coffee grounds in the sewage is broken down into smaller substances. The remaining sewage then enters the secondary tanks for the third stage of treatment. The solids that were not treated in the primary tanks are removed here through decomposition, which digests the material. Then, the liquid sewage is filtered through sand. This filtering process gets rid of almost all bacteria, as well as other solid particles that remain in the water. Finally, the wastewater flows into the last tanks, where the chemical chlorine is added to kill the remaining bacteria. After the bacteria are destroyed, the chlorine is eliminated from the water, and the treated clean water is discharged into a river or the ocean.
36. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The elements of sewage.
(B) The treatment of wastewater.
(C) The history of draining systems.
(D) The ways to control manufacturing waste.

[題組:第36-39題]37. Which of the following is NOT a reason for developing more effective systems to deal with wastewater?
(A) Population growth.
(B) Increasing manufacturing waste.
(C) Overloaded drainage systems.
(D) Heavy rainfall due to climate change.

[題組:第36-39題]38. Which of the following can be removed in the primary tanks?
(A) Wood.
(B) Heavy material.
(C) Grease.
(D) Organic matter.

[題組:第36-39題]39. What is the main reason that liquid sewage needs to go through sand?
(A) To eliminate bacteria.
(B) To drain water.
(C) To dissolve solid particles.
(D) To remove oil.